EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF ALLIUM CEPA. L FOR ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL MODELS
Abstract
Objectives: This present study was envisaged to identify the effect of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity forethanolic root extract of Allium cepa L. Methodology: The study was carried out using Sprague- Dawley rats (250- 300g) and Albino mice (25- 30g). Diclofenac sodium and Tramadol are the standard drugs, was prepared by dissolving in distilled water to make the concentration of 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity respectively. The effect of ethanolic extract of A.cepa L root was investigated for analgesic activity using tail immersion method. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic root extract of A.cepa was studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema to the rats.Results: The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan method in Sprague- Dawley rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was found to be dose dependent in carrageenan induced paw edema model. The ethanolic extract has shown highly significant (p<0.001) percentage of inhibition of paw edema, 57.43% and 60.56% at 5th hour at the low dose and high dose, respectively. Whereas analgesic activity was studied using tail immersion method in mice. The ethanolic root extract was shown highly significant (p<0.001) analgesic activity with standard drug and high dose but, low dose showed less significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity. Conclusions: The findings of the present study concluded that A.cepa L roots have potential to treat pain and inflammation and as a good source, novel natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. The ethanolic extract of A.cepa L root showed highly significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in mice and rats respectively.
Keywords:
Allium cepa L, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Tail immersion, and Carrageenan
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References
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24. Perianayagam JB, Sharma SK, Joseph A, Christina AJ. Evaluation of Anti-pyretic and Analgesic activity of Emblica officinalis Gaertn.J Ethnopharmacol.2004; Nov;95(1):83-5.
25. Punchard, N.A., Whelan, C.J. & Adcock, I. The Journal of Inflammation. J Inflamm 1, 1(2004). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-1-1
26. Rajesh Asija, Himanshu Baheti, Radhey Shyam Kumawat, Divya Sharma. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic activity of Abrus precatorious leaves on Albino rats. IOSR journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences.2015; l 10, (5) Ver 1. www.iosrjournals.org.
27. Shinkafi,S.A and Dauda,H (2013). Antibacterial Activity of Allim cepa (onion) on some pathogenic Bacteria associated with Ocular infections. Scholar Journal of Applied Medical Sciences.Bol 2013;1(3):147-151.
28. Ajaykumar TV,Anandarajagopa K,Anbu Jeba Sunilson J, Adibah Arshad*, R.A.M.Jainaf, Venkateshanl N.Anti-inflammatory activity of Cosmos caudatus. international journal of universal pharmacy and bio sciences.2012;(2).
29. Vikas, V.P and Vijay, R.P. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus carica Linn. Leaves. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources.2011;2(2): 151-155.
30. Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria,Loo Yi Wen, Nurul Izzah Abdul Rahman, Abdul Halim Abdul Ayub, Mohd. Roslan Sulaiman and Hanan Kumar Gopalan .Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Bauhinia purpurea Leaves in Experimental Animals. Med Princ Pract 2007; 16:443–449.
2. Anar Patel, Timir Patel, Carol Macwan, Mayuree Patel, Khushbu Chauhan , Jatin Patel. Evaluation of Anti inflammatory and Analgesic activity of roots of Rubia cordifolia in rats. Journal pf Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.2010;2 (12): 809-813.
3. Allium cepa Linn. (n.d.). IndianMedicinal Plants,1-1.doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_81
4. AJaykumar, T.V., Anandarajagopal, K., Anbu Jeba Sunilson, J. Adibah, A., Jainaf, R.A.M and Venkateshan,N.Anti-inflammatory activity of cosmos caudatus, International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences.2012;1(2): 40-48.
5. Ajoy, K.G., shankhajit, D.E and Yadu, N.D. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract Ofamorphophallus pauoniifolius and its possible mechanism. International Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research.2010;7:16-12.
6. Anikumar M. Ethnomedicinal plants as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. In: Chattopadhyay D, editor. Etnomedicine: a source of complementary therapeutics.; Research signpost;2010: 267-293.
7. Ayyanna Chakali, Sekar Munuswamy, Niranjan kumar Raghupathi, Ravi kumar Kota. Antidiabetic activity of Ethonolic extract of Allium cepa seeds against Alloxan induced Diabetic rats. Journal of comprehensive pharmacy - 2016; 3( 3)
8. Debashree, N., Subhalakshmi.A Rita.S,and Pfuzia, A.Study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Impatients balsamina leaves in albino rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 2013;4(2): 581-587.
9. Dorsch, W., E. Schneider, T. Bayer, W. Breu and H. Wagner “Anti-inflammatory effects of onions: inhibition of chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by thiosulfinates and cepaenes." Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol.1990;92(1): 39-42.
10. Dr. Jagdev Singh “Onions health benefits are due to its potent anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory” : ayurtimes;2015.
11. FreddyA.Ramos,Y.T.,*,Miki Shirotori,Yousuke Kawaguchi,Koichiro Tsuchiya,Hirofumi Shibata,Tomihiko Higuti,Tetsuo Tadokoro,And Minoru Takeuchi."Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin Oxidation Products from Yellow Onion (Allium cepa) Skin."J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006;54: 3551−3557.
12. Giresha, A.S., Narayanappa, M., Vikram, J., Vishwanath, B.S. and Dharmappa, K.K.Human Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) Inhibition by water extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum (seed) as an Anti-inflammatory activity. International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.2015;7 (1):217-222
13. Rupa Sengupta, Sonali D Sheorey , Madhuri A Hinge.Analgesics and anti-inflammatoryplants. 2012;12( 2):114-11
14. Hemalini,K.K., Naik, O.P. and Ashok,P. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic effect of methanolic extract of Anogessues acuminate leaf. International Journal Pharmaceutical iomedical Research.2010;1(3):98-101.
15. James B. Perianayagem, S.k. Sharma, Aney Joseph, A.J.M. Christina.Evaluation of Anti-Pyretic and Analgesic activity of Emblica Officinalis Gaertn. Journal of Ethno-pharmacology.2004;95.83-85.
16. Joseph BS1, Kumbhare PH and Kale MC. Preliminary phytochemical screening of selected Medicinal Plants.Int. Res. J. of Science & Engineering, 2013; 1(2): 55-62.
17. Khaki, F. Fathiazad M. N ouri, A.A. Khaki , H.J. Khamenehi, M. Hamadeh .Evaluation of androgenic activity of Allium cepa on spermatogenesis in the rat. Via Meidca.2008; 68(1): 45–51.
18. Kumi Kaneko, Masato Umehara, Takashi Homan, Ken Okamota, Michiko oKa, Tatsuya Oyama. The Analgesic Effect of Tramadol in animal models of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. Neuroscience Letters.2014; 562:28-33.
19. Mohamad Ali Hijazi, Ahmed El-Mallah, Maha Aboul-Ela, and Abdalla Ellakany. (2017). Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Papaver libanoticum Extract in Mice: Involvement of Opioids Receptors.Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2017(https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2017/8935085/#abstract)
20. Mohamed Eltaweel.Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Onion Extract (Allium cepa) on Staphylococcus aureus; in vitro study. International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences.Dec. 29-30, 2013,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, semanticscholar.org.
21. MI Ezeja, Ys Omeh, II Ezeigbo and A Ekechukwu. Evaluation of the Analgesic activity of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Dialium guineense (Wild).Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research.2011; 1(1): 55-62.
22. Ng, A., Parker, M. L., Parr, A. J., Saunders, P. K., Smith, A. C., & Waldron, K. W. Physicochemical characteristics of onion (Allium cepa L.) tissues. J Agric Food Chem,2000; 48(11): 5612-5617.
23. Onion;03/2003;www.selfsufficientish.com; Self Suffcientish; onlin; Onion; www.onions-usa.org; National Onion Association; onlinehttps://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/balanced-living/wellness-therapies/herbal-medicine/
24. Perianayagam JB, Sharma SK, Joseph A, Christina AJ. Evaluation of Anti-pyretic and Analgesic activity of Emblica officinalis Gaertn.J Ethnopharmacol.2004; Nov;95(1):83-5.
25. Punchard, N.A., Whelan, C.J. & Adcock, I. The Journal of Inflammation. J Inflamm 1, 1(2004). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-1-1
26. Rajesh Asija, Himanshu Baheti, Radhey Shyam Kumawat, Divya Sharma. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic activity of Abrus precatorious leaves on Albino rats. IOSR journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences.2015; l 10, (5) Ver 1. www.iosrjournals.org.
27. Shinkafi,S.A and Dauda,H (2013). Antibacterial Activity of Allim cepa (onion) on some pathogenic Bacteria associated with Ocular infections. Scholar Journal of Applied Medical Sciences.Bol 2013;1(3):147-151.
28. Ajaykumar TV,Anandarajagopa K,Anbu Jeba Sunilson J, Adibah Arshad*, R.A.M.Jainaf, Venkateshanl N.Anti-inflammatory activity of Cosmos caudatus. international journal of universal pharmacy and bio sciences.2012;(2).
29. Vikas, V.P and Vijay, R.P. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus carica Linn. Leaves. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources.2011;2(2): 151-155.
30. Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria,Loo Yi Wen, Nurul Izzah Abdul Rahman, Abdul Halim Abdul Ayub, Mohd. Roslan Sulaiman and Hanan Kumar Gopalan .Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Bauhinia purpurea Leaves in Experimental Animals. Med Princ Pract 2007; 16:443–449.
Published
27-02-2020
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1.
B K, K KN, JC HS, K A, Kaur J, Paramasivam S. EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF ALLIUM CEPA. L FOR ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL MODELS. World Journal of Current Med and Pharm Research [Internet]. 2020Feb.27 [cited 2025Apr.26];2(1):67-3. Available from: https://wjcmpr.com/index.php/journal/article/view/88
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