A study of cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemia patients and role of statins in lowering the lipid levels.
Abstract
This study aimed to predict CVD risk in dyslipidemia patients based on factors like HTN, DM, hypothyroidism, alcohol, smoking, and obesity. We recruited 75 dyslipidemia patients (July–December 2023) and analyzed their CVD risk via 2D-ECHO & ECG. Statin combination therapy (Ecosprin, Ecosprin + Rosuvastatin) was prescribed for CVD-confirmed patients, while statin monotherapy (Atorvastatin) was given to those without CVD risk, aligning with Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo et al.'s study. Participants were categorized by age: 18–30 (11), 31–43 (17), 44–56 (22), and >56 (25). Gender-wise, females (40) outnumbered males (35), similar to Seyed Mahmoud Latifi et al.'s study. Based on residence, 47.67% were urban and 57.53% rural, with rural participants being higher. HTN was found in 52 patients, with 34 at CVD risk. DM was present in 34, with 24 at risk, aligning with Razieh Anari et al.'s findings. Hypothyroidism affected 22 patients, with 11 at risk, similar to Fatima Tarboush et al.'s study. Obesity was noted in 24 patients, with 17 at risk. Alcohol consumption was reported in 36 patients, with 28 at risk, while 31 were smokers, with 23 at risk. These findings highlight significant CVD risk factors in dyslipidemia patients.
Keywords:
Dyslipidemia, Statin Combination Therapy, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Hypothyroidism
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References
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2. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final report. Circulation. 2002:106–421.
3. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB, Jr, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227–39.
4. Brunzell JD, Davidson M, Furberg CD, Goldberg RB, Howard BV, Stein JH, et al. American Diabetes Association; American College of Cardiology Foundation. Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:811–22.
5. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267–78.
6. LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, Shear C, Barter P, Fruchart JC, et al. Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1425–35.
7. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Rader DJ, Rouleau JL, Belder R, et al. Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 Investigators. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1495–504.
8. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, Neaton JD, Castelli WP, Knoke JD, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation. 1989;79:8–15.
9. Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S, et al. Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation. 2007;115:450–8.
10. Bansal S, Buring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2007;298:309–16.
11. Briel M, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, You JJ, Karanicolas PJ, Akl EA, Wu P, et al. Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Br Med J. 2009;338:b92.
12. Cohen JD, Cziraky MJ, Jacobson TA, Wallace A, Cai C. Changes in the prevalence of abnormal lipid fractions among US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II, III and 1999–2006. Circulation. 2008;118:S_1081–2.
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Diabetes Surveillance System. [Accessed June 2007];Diabetes data and trends.
14. Miller M. Disorders of hypertriglyceridemia. In: Kwiterovich PO, editor. The Johns Hopkins Textbook of Dyslipidemia. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: 2009.
15. Lamarche B, Tchernof A, Mauriège P, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Lupien PJ, et al. Fasting insulin and apoplipoprotein B levels and low-density lipoprotein particle size as risk factors for ischemic heart disease. JAMA. 1998;279:1955–61.
16. Sattar N, Williams K, Sniderman AD, D'Agostino R, Jr, Haffner SM. Comparison of the associations of apolipoprotein B and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 2004;110:2687–93.
17. Sierra-Johnson J, Somers VK, Kuniyoshi FH, Garza CA, Isley WL, Gami AS, et al. Comparison of apoliprotein B-apolipoprotein-AI in subjects with versus without the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98:1369–73.
18. Miller M, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, Qin J, Ray KK, Braunwald E. PROVE-IT TIMI 22 Investigators. Impact of triglyceride levels beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE-IT TIMI 22 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:724–30.
19. Jacobson TA, Case CC, Roberts S, Buckley A, Murtaugh KM, Sung JC, et al. Characteristics of US adults with the metabolic syndrome and therapeutic implications. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004;6:353–62.
20. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA, et al. American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation. 2006;114:82–96.
Published
28-02-2025
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Madhu C, A J basha, B A, D P sree, N A, P SM, Y HB, Oruganti H, Oruganti H, Gurajavolu NB. A study of cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemia patients and role of statins in lowering the lipid levels. World Journal of Current Med and Pharm Research [Internet]. 2025Feb.28 [cited 2025May18];7(1):20-5. Available from: https://wjcmpr.com/index.php/journal/article/view/355
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